- Israels right to exist - pre 1948

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 - can  Zionist Jews claim Palestine as their homeland exceeding anyone elses claim.


DRAFT                                              DRAFT  



Lets put some perspective into the conflict based on history and facts.

There are 8 claims to be satisfied for modern Zionist jews to call the state of Israel [that they occupy] their rightful home above anyone else . 

1 No one was there before the israelites.
2 The israelites lived there  as a distinct group of people.
3 The israelites had a state and were sovereign longer than anyone else.
4 No one lived there after the israelites.
5 God ordained that place for jews and not anyone else.
6 Modern jews descended from the original israelites of Judah.

To answer these read the text below but refer to the timeline at the bottom of the article for more in depth history details by time.

First clear up some things 
- Not all semites are said "jews" - "jews" only make up one of many groups of semites.
- Zionism is a national political ideology (albeit today with a veneer of religious justification)
- A zionist is a supporter of zionism so not all zionists are "jews".
- Not all "jews" are zionists.
- A "jew" is someone from ancient Judah [not the rival Kingdom of Israel} and is not a religion.
- Most  "jews" principle religion is judaism, but not all jews are Judaists or religious.
- Judaists do not believe Jesus is the christ , the messiah,  and are still waiting for it to come.
- Of the total worlds 15 milllion said "jews" 6.9 million live in "Israel". 6m live in USA..
- Not all Israel is "jewish" ,  only 76% are while 20%  are Arab 
- Not all Arabs are Muslim and not all Palestinians are Muslim.
- The Conflict in Palestine is not directly religious . It is geo political 
- An Arab is originally someone from the Arabian Peninsula (modern Saudi Arabia)
- Islam is the religion and a muslim is someone who follows that religion.
- Palestine is a recognised state made up of 2 areas - the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.

1) Who was there before israelites

According to Australian Museum:- Modern Homo Sapiens exist from about 160,000 years ago and came out of Arica. here


Nomadic tribes lived in the fertile crescent for tens of thousands of years,  then in towns  before civilisation.

 According to National Geographic :- “The earliest civilizations developed between 4000 and 3000 B.C.E., when the rise of agriculture and trade allowed people to have surplus food and economic  stability. Civilizations first appeared in  Mesopotamia ( a region that includes all of modern-day Iraq as well as parts of Syria, Turkey and Iran,) as the Sumer civilisation and later in Egypt. “ The levant (Palestine) is in between those 2 areas – together they all make up the fertile crescent. because of their agriculture supporting qualities - flat land ,  good water ,soil and climate.


The Canaanites were there from 3500 BC and from 2750BC as a great trading and maritime nation until the end of bronze age collapse c 1200 BC,  then after that named as phoenicians in the more northern part now mostly Lebanon , until Alexander the Great conquered them 332BC . In part of the south coast the  area was settled by the Philistines around Bronze age collapse c1200 BC were Gaza is now . Said to be named from Egyptian for sea people called Peleset corrupted by Greeks to Philistia. This area  is mentioned in the Torah.


2) Accepted for the argument -  but this is conditional on other information being followed that may  discount this below and in 6.

No one really knows where the Israelitics came from .

While some say they are indigenous to the area as Canaanites and others say they came from southern Mesopotamia (Iraq) which makes sense as its the most likely place of the mythical garden of Eden and the Babylonian Talmud was written there while in exile  . 

 "'The PCA shows that Sidon_BA clusters with three individuals from Early Bronze Age Jordan (Jordan_BA) found in a cave above the Neolithic site of ‘Ain Ghazal and probably associated with an Early Bronze Age village close to the site.13 This suggests that people from the highly differentiated urban culture on the Levant coast and inland people with different modes of subsistence were nevertheless genetically similar, supporting previous reports that the different cultural groups who inhabited the Levant during the Bronze Age, such as the Ammonites, Moabites, Israelites, and Phoenicians, each achieved their own cultural identities but all shared a common genetic and ethnic root with Canaanites. " here .


3) Israelites and a state

 Israelites written history, the Torah says they left Egypt in the exodus and conquered the people of Canaan about 13c BC. There is some references to israelites being there from 1200 bc but theres no evidence of a single israel kingdom as mentioned in Torah , until the rival kingdoms of israel and kingdom of Judah existing from about c900BCE. here

The Kingdom of Israel was conquered and destroyed around 722 BCE,  by the Neo-Assyrian Empire. While the Kingdom of Judah remained intact during this time, it became a client state of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and then the Neo-Babylonian Empire which conquered the Assyrian empire around 605BC . However, continued israelite revolts against the Babylonians led to the destruction of Judah in 587 BCE, under the rule of Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II and the first disporia (scattering/dispersal) of israelites/jews.

According to the jewish library (probably based on Torah) here.  
" In 722 BC, the Assyrians conquered Israel. The Assyrians were aggressive and effective; the history of their dominance over the Middle East is a history of constant warfare. In order to assure that conquered territories would remain pacified, the Assyrians would force many of the native inhabitants to relocate to other parts of their empire. They almost always chose the upper and more powerful classes, for they had no reason to fear the general mass of a population. They would then send Assyrians to relocate in the conquered territory.

When they conquered Israel, they forced the ten tribes to scatter throughout their empire. For all practical purposes, you might consider this a proto-Diaspora ("diaspora"="scattering"), except that these Israelites disappear from history permanently; they are called "the ten lost tribes of Israel." Why this happened is difficult to assess. The Assyrians did not settle the Israelites in one place, but scattered them in small populations all over the Middle East. When the Babylonians later conquered Judah, they, too, relocate a massive amount of the population. However, they move that population to a single location so that the Jews can set up a separate community and still retain their religion and identity. The Israelites deported by the Assyrians, however, do not live in separate communities and soon drop their Yahweh religion and their Hebrew names and identities."


Some evidence outside the Torah (now old testament ) to back those historic claims are Mesha Stele aka Moabite Stone c850BC  here  "Israel" first appears in the Merneptah Stele c. 1208 BCE heere


Video on the historic control of jerusalem




4) As mentioned the Israeli and Judah kingdom was gone by 722bc  after 200 years , over 2500 years before the modern Israel state of 1848.

Heres a good accurate 8min  video of  that history from 750bc until 1920 

 Judea is a Greek and Roman adaptation of the name "Judah", which originally encompassed the territory of the Israelite tribe of that name and later of the ancient Kingdom of Judah.
While the israelites have lived in the area revolting against the Assyrians then the Babylonians Judah was finally destroyed by 587AD But they must have remained in the area through the Persian then Greek  conquests /empires that followed next and been there when the Romans finally destroyed them again in 135AD in whats called the great dispora (scattering) .  Israelites remained a tiny minority from then up until 1897 and the zionist project,  when Romans and then others ruled the area for just over another  1700 years.

With 2 disporias and intentional destruction of jerusalem multiple times ,  specifically 135AD when the Romans made it illegal for israelites to live there , its hard to tell what % of the population of the time from 587BC was israelite. 

 After Jewish–Roman wars of 66–136 CE. Israelites left on mass and scattered in what is called the "Jewish Disporia" .

At the time of said "Jesus" the formally called israel kingdom was now Galilee and Samaria - (Samaria being between Galilee ad Judea and the reason the bible says Samaria was unsafe to travel for Jesus is because it was largely Assyrian from 722BCE conquest. While Judah is shown as Judea.

Rashidun Caliphate Arab/Muslims conquered and annexed the Levant 634-638ad, nearly 1400 years ago. They allowed the jews to return
.
But in 1897 at the time of the founding of the world zionist organisation jews were only 3% of the population , 5% if you include immigrant jews. here


5)
According to zionist israeli jews and supporters God promised jews , his children, the land of Canaan. here  , here . Its in their Torah of the exodus and in Ezekiel prophesis of jerusalems destruction and jews restoration to the land of "Israel" . Both which make up Part of the Old testament aka New testament in the Christian bible .

This claim wasnt the original reason for the zionist movement but has become part of the modern state of Israels social conditioning of the Israeli population and justification for its colonisation actions and treatment of Palestinians.

The Torah ‎ meaning  "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law" is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.

"Torah as a literary and ideological unity, based on earlier sources, was likely completed during the Persian period (539-333 BCE). Some scholars would place its final compilation somewhat later, however, in the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE). Initially it had no authors but by 1st c CE had been attributed to Moses" , according to wikipedia. While " Torah (the first five books of the Bible) most likely took place during the Babylonian Exile (6th–5th century BCE)" according to Britannica, here

The israelites religion at the time was Yahwism . Yahwism was essentially polytheistic, with a plethora of gods and goddesses. YHWH , commonly written as Yahweh was one of the lesser gods of many.  Yahweh is represented as a storm god who marches into battle alongside stars and planets to defend Israel from enemies.

 After this , over time, other gods were discarded or were assimilated into Yahweh, who came to be referred to as El Shaddai: a title which roughly translates into English as “God Almighty.” This explains why he is such an evil god in the1st testament . As Richard Dawkins says .  



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSy6ENVAJlY

Most of the religious writings are  unlikely true as it borrowed the flood and ark story from Sumer civilisation and other storys from other cultures. here .  Theres no proof of Moses and the exodus. here The human race is older than the 6,000 years claimed in the bible (by lineage from Adam and Eve). here

The "Star of David" on the israeli flag originally was used by many other non jews and was originally a symbol of magic .While a hexagram found in a religious context can be seen from a manuscript of the Hebrew Bible from 11th century Cairo. Its association as a distinctive symbol for the Jewish people and their religion dates back to 17th-century Prague. here. 

 The Jerusalem Talmud  or Palestinian Talmud , is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah. Naming this version of the Talmud after Palestine or the Land of Israel—rather than Jerusalem—is considered more accurate, as the text originated mainly from Galilee in Byzantine Palaestina Secunda rather than from Jerusalem, where no Jews lived at the time. The 2nd part of the  Jerusalem Gemara contains the written discussions of generations of rabbis of the Talmudic Academies in Syria Palaestina at Tiberias and Caesarea, and was compiled into book form in around 350–400 CE. The Babylonian Talmud is written by "jews" in exile 200 years later.

Jews have very little affinity with christians as "Jews" dont believe Jesus Christ is the Messiah/Prophet sent by God . But a large section of Christianity supports Isreals colonisation and terrorism reframed as "right to protect itself"  because it has to because the whole first half of their modern christian bible includes teachings and writings of the jews in the first testament sometimes called the old testament which is their only claim of "proof" the existence of their christian God.

Evidenced by false christians such as Destiny church lead by Brian Tamaki who support israel but not Palestine thereby not following the teachings of their own bible (new testament- 2nd half). . When the teachings of christ as written in the bible are all about love, peace, respect ,turning the other cheek  and sharing wealth.  This is itself a un reconcilable contradiction with not only their words and actions of their support  of modern Israel (an apartheid terrorist state that is colonising Palestine) , but with no support of Palestine but it also contradicts the 1st testament which is an evil God who wants to destroy and enslave non jews and protect the land they conquered from the Canaanites.

6)

Historically, modern European Jews have been classified as belonging to two major groups depending where they ended up after the disporia : the Ashkenazim, [Germanics/Russian ie /northen] or  Sephardim [Hispanics] .  A 3rd group is Mizrahim, or "Easterners" that remained around the middle east.


First we must ask the question what is a Jew?

Is a Hebrew , Jew and Israelite all the same as they are often used to mean the same thing  ?

The answer is no and yes .

Hebrew is a Semitic language (a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic languages, languages spoken across the Middle East), while Yiddish is a German dialect (spoken by Ashkenazi jews) which integrates many languages, including German, Hebrew, Aramaic, and various Slavic and Romance languages. But also the term Hebrew almost always occurs in the Hebrew Bible as a name given to the Israelites by other peoples, rather than one used by themselves.

According to the Book of Genesis, Judah (יְהוּדָה‎, Yehudah) was the name of the fourth son of the patriarch Jacob. During the Exodus, the name was given to the Tribe of Judah, descended from the patriarch Judah. After the conquest and settlement of the land of Canaan, Judah also referred to the territory allocated to the tribe. here

 This  webpage says  the modern English word "Jew" is the 18th century contraction and corruption of the 4th century Latin "Iudaeus" found, here. While the oxford says "The earliest known use of the noun Jew is in the Middle English period (1150—1500). OED's earliest evidence for Jew is from before 1225, in MS Lambeth. Jew is a borrowing from French. Etymons: French jeu, jew."

While another wiki page says "The English term Jew originates in the Biblical Hebrew word Yehudi, meaning "from the Kingdom of Judah". It passed into Greek as Ioudaios and Latin as Iudaeus, which evolved into the Old French giu after the letter "d" was dropped. A variety of related forms are found in early English from about the year 1000, including Iudea, Gyu, Giu, Iuu, Iuw, and Iew, which eventually developed into the modern word "jew" ,here.

So strictly speaking this means a jew is human from tribe of Judah or kingdom of Judea ,  the later Samaria or Galilee including Jesus Christ are not Jews.


The problem is being a jew meaning has been changed today 

. Apart from those claiming its a ethnicity theres those who claim its a religion , some call it someone who follows the religion of Judaism , while some call it a culture and others call it all 3. here This orthodox jewish rabbi explains the zionists changed the definition to define them as a nation even thou its fobidden in the torah. He argues Israel is not their homeland , it is the holy land. here

According to chat gpt yehudi cam to signify all those in judea and gallillee by time of mythical "jesus" birth.


There are three main branches of Judaism today, they are Orthodox, Conservative and Reform.


A messianic jew and messianic Judaism, (a branch of which is “Jews for Jesus”) is a religious group that has tried to straddle the line between Judaism and Christianity.

Theres even a branch that is non theist ; Humanistic Judaism is a Jewish movement that offers a nontheistic alternative to contemporary branches of Judaism. It defines Judaism as the cultural and historical experience of the Jewish people rather than a religion, and encourages Jews who are humanistic and secular to celebrate their identity by participating in relevant holidays and rites of passage (such as weddings and bar/bat mitzvahs) with inspirational ceremonies that go beyond traditional literature while still drawing upon it. here

Whether the zionist jews in exile in Europe, USA  are descendents from original israelites of Judah is hotly contended.

This jewish website explains you can convert to judaism then you become jewish . here This complicates it and means being jewish bears no resemblance to ethnicity of the historic Judah.

This would have to be traced back somehow 1800- 2700 years. Genes is the most obvious way but tests are hard to understand . 

using National Library of Medicine (NIH)

theres an agreement that jews and palestinians share DNA
2001 NIH article here

 then goes on to make it not certain


and ultimately they are inconclusive currently

Thou this interview podcast says Palestinian Muslims closer to jew ethnicity than Askanazi jews

as does this video, which  confirms israelites were no different ethnically than other tribes and only religion distinguished them ;


Traditionally lineage passed down by the maternal which leaves for alot of watering down of the blood . And today its more confused as the definition has ben bent by some to include other categorisations notably  a jew is someone who practices Judaism , which in tern is combined with a certain "culture " including the religion. .. here

Rabbi Yaakov Shapiro in "How zionism stole jew identity" says its someone who follows gods 631 commandments.

While the middle east peoples would have been dark some whiteness came from european slaves and later greek , philistine conquests etc. like all places ethnicities got mixed. Its unlikely modern jews retained 100% or enough israelite blood in  2500 to 1800 years of disporia and resisted  interbreeding in places they exiled too to call themselves israelites or jews . Judging by the variation of people Israel that call themselves "Jew" here.

Britain was invaded many many times by different tribes or empires like israel was. Britain was invaded and conquered by the Romans, Danes Vikings,  French states like the Normans  and German states like the Jutes, Angles, and Saxons etc . Originally called pritain  ,  The name “Britain” comes from the Phoenician name “Baratanac”, meaning “Land of Tin”. Named by romans as Britannia we just  now call it  Britain  . I myself are a kiwi of Maori, English , Scottish , French , Irish , American descent (most of it English and thats just my last known 3-400 years history) and in zionist jewish theory i can claim to originate from any of those countries but i would in fact be considered illegal or alien to them. (accept for Aotearoa of course, the place i sojourn now called New Zealand by the English colonisers) as are all the non Maori population ,which is about 85% of the population.


Not all jews are semites and not all semites are jews. Its misleading to equate only jews with being semite ergo anti-semite is not being anti-jewish.

A semite is someone who spoke the semitic language. The Semitic language family consists of dozens of distinct languages and modern day dialects, but the major Semitic languages are Arabic, Amharic (spoken in Ethiopia), Tigrinya (spoken in Ethiopia and Eritrea), Hebrew, Tigre (spoken in Sudan), Aramaic (spoken in Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Iraq and Iran) and Maltese.

Classic (biblical) Hebrew died out 3BC , while  in the medieval period Hebrew was spoken in an altered form by some  , the modern Hebew spoken in Israel today is a revival of the language, here.

Arabic, which first emerged in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, is a member of the Semitic family of languages which also includes Hebrew and Aramaic. Whilst very early manifestations of Arabic date back as far as the 8th century BCE, the language has been defined and refined over a considerable period of time. here The Arabs were originally the people of the Arabian desert (modern day Saudi Arabia.

Semite language spread best shown on this gif timeline (dates at bottom of gif) ,  here

No sane normal  human recognises descendents of a  state that got destroyed 2500 years ago [or even if they stayed and finally got chased out 1900 years ago, 135AD ] has a right of return. It does not apply to anyone else or just about every single modern country would need change names borders and ethnic population especially the more recently European colonised countries in north central and South Americas and Africa . Countries that have been returned where mostly from recent European colonisation in last 150 -300 years when the indigenous stayed continuously and got their freedom and independence back post WW2.

Because the most important of these claims fall down zionist jews argue variations of discrediting Palestinian Arabs like

7   Theres never been a place called Palestine 
8   Theres never been a Palestine state 
9   Palestinians are not from there / Palestinians are not indigenous.
10 Jews bought the land 

These are variations of one argument which is denial of Palestnian rights, ie the opposite of the jewish claims of right to be there 

The term "Palestine" first appeared in the 5th century BCE when the ancient Greek historian Herodotus wrote of a "district of Syria, called Palaistinê" between Phoenicia and Egypt in The Histories. here  The area was called Syria Palaestina by Romans after their 135AD destruction of Jerusalem and expelling and banning israelites from Jerusalem. here.

The British mandate created Mandatory Palestine which had  police , passports , currency and began issuing land titles after 1920 until 1947.

From 1896 zionism [ie the quest for a "jewish homeland"] really took off  , said "jews" made up 3% (15,000) of the total population of 472,000 or 5% if you include immigrant  "jews" . Immigration happened on both sides but mostly jews went from 15,000 to nearly half a million by 1947 [about 95% of their population] while Arabs were 23% immigration . here.

Ultimately when  you have done away with the false argument of zionist jews right to a state it really doesnt matter who was there first whoever came next without consent is an invader and coloniser.

The  British coloniser declared Australia empty (terra nullius) in 1835 even though aboriginals lived there . They relied on this until it was overturned in court in 1992 allowing Torres straight islanders to reclaim their land if continuous connection proved.  While in USA British took land by force and after revolution the new USA government 1788 simply carried on making treaties with the native american indians , then broke them as they contiued stealing their land. In Aotearoa the British Queen made a treaty with Maori who have lived in Aotearoa about 600 years (by most consensus) then began wars in 1860s and colonisation of Aotearoa when the Maori said no more land sales.

A right to be there based on some religious text that cant be unwound from the culture and the people distinctly is effectively  mixing politics and religion and winding the clock back 200 years or more to a conservative ideology,  before liberal revolutions gave us democracy in we which said church and state should be separated .


What happened that let the Jews back after over 2500 years ? if they didnt have a right or any ability to create their mythical zionist state ?

The answer is Politics and the force of British colonialism - video here

There had been alot of anti-jewish behaviour in Europe over the last few centuries , cumulating in the German holocaust. As explained here from 2 sources;
First One form of economic antisemitism in the Middle Ages was a mass of legal restrictions imposed on the occupations and professions of Jews. Local rulers and church officials closed many professions to the Jews, pushing them into marginal occupations considered repugnant, such as tax- and rent-collecting and money-lending, but tolerated them as a "necessary evil". here

The historical explanation for this enduring linking of Jews and money is that Jews were pushed into financial roles by a church that barred Christians from, say, lending money for interest, and barred Jews from doing much else, such as owning and farming land. As Anthony Julius – whose Trials of the Diaspora is the definitive history of English antisemitism – puts it, in a feudal society in which Jews could be neither peasants nor lords, there was “no other niche” available. But psychological explanations also suggest themselves, starting with the notion that Christian society was able to split off that aspect of itself it regarded as sinful – its pursuit of wealth and profit – and project it instead on to a hated other: the Jews. Islam also forbade usuary (charging interst) on borrowed money.

While there were beginnings of zionism earlier ,  with Nathan Birnbaum , Theodor Herzl is credited as being the father of Israel.  Theodor Herzl initially campaigned for ending European anti-jew behaviour but gave up. He wrote a pamphlet The Jewish State (1896) which proposed that the Jewish question was a political question which argued for a global organisation to campaign for jewish homeland. Herzl  tried to buy Palestine  when he presented his proposal to the Grand Vizier: the Jews would pay the Turkish foreign debt and help Turkey regain its financial footing in return for Palestine as a Jewish homeland , which was turned down twice. In 1897 he founded a jewish newspaper for propaganda purposes  and organised the first zionist conference in 1897 which established "The World Zionist Organisation" . (read history of the first 12 conferences here)  According to wikipedia Herzl envisaged the creation as a national question not a religious one and the new state would be secular and he did not foresee a issue between Arabs and Jews. Nation states were forming and zionists wanted one for the jews who had no nation or state.  Herzl also envisioned the future Jewish state to be a "third way" between capitalism and socialism, with a developed welfare program and public ownership of the main natural resources. Industry, agriculture and trade were organized on a cooperative basis. Along with many other progressive Jews of the day, such as Emma Lazarus, Louis Brandeis, Albert Einstein, and Franz Oppenheimer, Herzl desired to enact the land reforms proposed by the American political economist Henry George. Specifically, they called for a land value tax. He called his mixed economic model "Mutualism," a term derived from French utopian socialist thinking. Women would have equal voting rights. here.
There was also many "jews" against creation of a jeish homeland/state, including the Nationalistic Reform Jews in exile in their various countries , the leftist General Jewish Labour Bund who wanted communism and had no use for Zionism and a great many Orthodox and Chassidic Jews who believe it was against the teachings to have a state/homeland or were still waiting for the real Messiah to come and to establish Israel, here  here , here.

Jews at that time made up 3% of the total population , 5% if you included immigrants of a total population of 472,000. 

Its ironic while anti jew behaviour  has almost disappeared worldwide its being kept alive by the reaction to the israel states behaviour  that Herzl helped create.

Herzl was a progressive but as nice his zionist project was it was openly colonial . Heres a letter to Cecil Rhodes who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. He and his British South Africa Company founded (colonised) the southern African territory of Rhodesia.
 




 Colonialism has always meant subjugating the people that live there and stealing their land.  Heres a good short tiktok video about the zionist colonisation project . here 



A much better video.



Written about here in world financial review.

Another one talking about the biased reporting and support of isarel against Jew support of Palestine currently  @ 10 min he covers colonialism.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRfaI-jmjIQ


The Ottoman Empire had the last control over Palestine up until WW1 

 WW1 began in  1914 and Britain  then divided Palestine with France by the Sykes/Pico agreement in 1916 and issued Balfour declaration letter in 1917 before WW1 was even finished . To gain Jewish and Arab support Britain lied and promised the Arabs a state and the Zionist jews a natioan home  and declined to give the nation of Palestine the same with some vagueness abut protecting them. Explaind in the video How Britain started the Arab-Israeli conflict
During World War 1 the Jewish population declined because of the war and famine , disease and expulsion. In 1915 , approximately 83,000 Jews lived in Palestine among 590,000 Muslims and Christian Arabs here.
And when the Ottoman empire lost WW1 in 1918 Britain took control.  Britain was a big empire - it was still the largest empire the sun never set on at the end of WW1- it held colonys in India, Africa, Australia and other countries {it supported much colonisation later like  helping Indonesia invade east Timor in 1973 and Iraq in 2003) .

At a 1920 peace conference held in San Remo,  Italy , the Allies divided the former territories of the defeated Ottoman Empire implementing sykes-picot agreement . The northern portion (Syria and Lebanon) was mandated to France, and the southern portion (Palestine) was mandated to Great Britain. By July 1920 the French had forced king Fayṣal to give up his newly founded kingdom of Syria. The hope of founding an Arab Palestine within a federated Syrian state collapsed and with it any prospect of independence for Palestine. July 1920, Britain appointed a zionist to implement the Balfour Declaration, announcing in August a quota of 16,500 Jewish immigrants for the first year. Palestinian Arabs at a congress in Haifa established an executive committee (known as the Arab Executive) .. It was never formally recognized by the British and was dissolved in 1934. However, the platform of the Haifa congress, which set out the position that Palestine was an autonomous Arab entity and totally rejected any rights of the Jews to Palestine, remained the basic policy of the Palestinian Arabs until 1948.  here .

This colonial carve up by Britain and France [like Africa] guaranteed conflict . Which also left the biggest ethnic group without a population that should have been settled before the jews were, ie the 40 million Kurdish, here.

Ironically while rightwing autocratic Turkish PM Tayyip Eragon supports Palestine freedom and he apologised for the Turkeys 1930s mass killings of the Kurdish uprisings for a independent state here he is currently continuing Turkeys policy of preventing a Kurdish sovereign state by violence and has had to apologies for killing Kurdish civilians in doing so in 2011. here. and again in 2017 here. So hes a simply a nicer version of Netanyahu.

Britain  allowed jews to begin reentering and at first Britain helped them . Britain also created the Mandatory Palestine state and printed money , issued Palestine passports , created a police force  and started creating Palestinian legal land titles.

In early negotiations Arab Palestinians making up majority of the population wanted a single state . Jews rejected the single state because it didnt suit their zionist project . The zionist jews wanted half of the promised land , the mythical kingdom of Israel , which includes parts or all of modern Lebanon , Syria and Jordan .Today they probably want all of it  and why they are unlawfully occupying the Golan Heights in Syria.




 Arab Palestinians rejected the 2 state solution probably because zijews were a minority and they thought they could contain the zionist jews.

Nor did they deny the suffering of the Jews, or the pogroms and persecution they were experiencing in Western and Eastern Europe at the time. On the contrary, many of the most vocal critics of Zionism were extremely aware of Jewish suffering, as they were unsettled by the impact it was having on the British support for the project of the Jewish National Home. What they said no to was the idea that the Jews' humanitarian plight granted them special political and national rights in Palestine, and that those Jewish rights should trump Arab rights. The Arabs said No to the idea that they should pay the price for longstanding Christian persecution of the Jews, and they expressed deep resentment at the hypocrisy of the Europeans, who were promoting a home for the Jews in Palestine as they closed their own doors to the victims of Christian/European anti-Semitism. here

As with all colonists,  jews started buying land (mostly from absent owners) . Both communities realized that by the end of the mandate period the region’s future would be determined by size of population and ownership of land. Thus the central issues throughout the mandate period were Jewish immigration and land purchases, with the Jews attempting to increase both and the Arabs seeking to slow down or halt both fearing being over run. here. Ironically it was determined by the most violent side willing to do the most killing. 

 [This happened the same in NZ where colonisers used divide and conquer rule to obtain what was collectively owned and when Maori said no to land sales , the new 1856 New Zealand Govt starting the 1860 land wars that resulting in stealing millions of  acres of prime north island land from Maori. here .]

When Palestinians demanded Britain halt jew immigration and  Britain ignored them they pushed back with peaceful protest and worker strikes at first then with increasing violence. Beginning in 1929, Arabs and Jews openly fought in Palestine, and Britain attempted to limit Jewish immigration as a means of appeasing the Arabs. .Most notably the sustained  Arab revolt 1936-1939  . here , here. The far right zionist jews reacted with a terrorism campaign mostly by 2 notable extreme right wing zionist terrorist groups formed in 1935 & 1940 (here) and terrorism which Britain clamped down on here here here 

A royal commission of inquiry presided over by Lord Robert Peel, which was sent to investigate the volatile situation, reported in July 1937 that the revolt was caused by Arab desire for independence and fear of the Jewish national home. The Peel Commission declared the mandate unworkable and Britain’s obligations to Arabs and Jews mutually irreconcilable.
Leading to Britain eventually slowing then putting a stop to jewish immigration from 1939.

The holocaust begining in 1941 was a great contributor for the drive for the zionist cause. Holocaust timeline  here . As a result of the jew Holocaust by NAZIs in Europe, many Jews illegally entered Palestine during World War II. Thou the zionists didnt care for saving the holocaust jews and even prevented the rescue of jews from the holocaust. 



How zionists collaborated with the NAZIS , conversation with Tony Greestein.


Jewish groups employed terrorism against British forces in Palestine. At the end of World War II, in 1945, the United States took up the Zionist cause. Britain, unable to find a practical solution, referred the problem to the United Nations,.which in November 1947 voted to partition Palestine.
 here.

 On November 29, 1947, the United Nations (UN) voted to partition the British mandate of Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state. (see United Nations Resolution 181). The Jewish population had ballooned to 31 percent of Palestine from immigration. But they owned only 6 percent of the land  .



This conflict escalated into the 1947-1948 "civil war". Near its end jews implemented Plan Dalet  a Zionist military plan executed in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war for the conquest of territory in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state. The plan was requested by the Jewish Agency leader  David Ben-Gurion, and developed by the Haganah and finalized on March 10, 1948. The plan was a set of guidelines to take control of Mandatory Palestine, the conquest of Arab towns and villages inside and along the borders of the area allocated to the proposed Jewish State in the UN Partition Plan, declare a Jewish state, and defend its borders and people, including the Jewish population outside of the borders, "before, and in anticipation of" the invasion by regular Arab armies. 

Britain couldnt contain the violence  neither the  the jewish terrorism against Britain ( a zionist terrorist group blew up the British HQ at King David Hotel killing 91 in 1946) or the "civil war" and ended its  British Mandate for Palestine at midnight on 14 May 1948 running away and absolving itself of the mess it created. here ,  here ,  wiki .

Immediately David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel.

At the time of the end of the Britains mandate 1948 zionist jews had not bought all the land of the 1947 UN resolution of the proposed israel state. They only held 6% . The Zionists needed to displace more Palestinians and steal more land. The Arab resistence and the counter terrorism  and the civil war prior to the declaration of the Israel state just carried on into the1948-1949 to a war when 5 outside countries kept threats to intervene should UN and jews proceed with a zionist state and went to war with the "jews". 


This is called the first Arab-israeli war which became then became Nakba or the Palestinian Catastrophe, and was the destruction of the Palestinian society and homeland in 1948, and the permanent displacement of  many of the Palestinian Arabs.  The "jews" destroyed 400-500 Palestinian villages often murdering the villagers, creating 700,000 refugees [nearly half the population ] in an area the war mostly never took place.!!!! there would be a no refugees if the jews had bought the land !!!!! At the end of the 1948-49 war, Zionist  Israel controlled seventy-eight percent of Palestine, 25% more than the UN partition plan. Those borders of Israel /Palestine are called the Green Lines

But Palestine did not end up with a state of its own.


SUMMARY
Jews who may or not be from historic Judah dont have a right to Palestine above any other ethnic group not by their history nor their bible.

Palestine was controlled by people before the Israelites displaced them and it was controlled by others afterward the jews . According to the Torah there was a jewish kingdom for 2-300 years being  conquered in 722BC .Land renamed Syria Palaestina with Jews more fully  removed in 2nd diaspora 135AD ,  and held by various empires up until the end of WW1 when the Ottomans lost it . Two of the colonial victorious armies Britain and France Empires divided up The middle East part of the Ottoman Empire and facilitated the jew return.

Jews ended up with a state because of colonisation by both Zionist jews and Britain at a time when Europed including Britain didnt want jews but didnt care where they went  .  Palestinian Arabs refused to let them in .  Britain both helped then slowed jew immigration at which point zionist terrorism took over and they stole the rest of the land allocated to them by colonial powers that had the power but not the right too.  The “surrogate colonization” of Palestine had a foreign power giving to a non-native group (zioniss jews) rights over land occupied by an indigenous people (Palestinian Arabs) here. Colonisation was practised and acceptable at the time by the West but quickly fell out of favour very soon after. Most of the world was still colonised by Europe at that time accept for south America although it was already being interfered with by USA.

Israel is a settler coloniser state born on violence which I would say was sort of legal but ultimately unlawful.

In pure ethnic terms the Arab Palestinians are as or more jewish than the majority jews of Israel which came from Germany and Russia and called Ashkenzi jews who barley qualify as jewish . But its worse because now the zionism project was no longer based on nationality but become a fundamentalist religious justification and now you dont need ethnicity to qualify as jew as religion as:Israel state is so entwined with religion of Juadism you just need convert to judaism to be said "jew".


For whats happened since 1949 read part 2 here

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OCCUPATION TIMELINE OF PALESTINE from prehistory until 1949 

note- some of this prehistory is contentious and varys especially the early history specially as it relies on the Torah and bible.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Levant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Palestine

The rest I have taken information mostly from Britannic and Wikipedia [as they are considered neutral but also have links to other pages] and other similar pages like History.com.

c. 250,000 – c. 48,000 BCE The Middle Palaeolithic period  is represented in the Levant by the Mousterian culture, known from numerous sites (both caves and open-air sites) through the region. (nomadic)

c. 20,000 – c. 9,500 cal. BCE;The Epipalaeolithic period , also known as Mesolithic period,  (nomadic)

9500 BCE cultivation of wheat fertile crescent, Göbekli Tepe  built northern levant (Turkey) and neo-lithic (new stoneage) begins. People became sedentary, living in small villages

8500 BCE sheep and goats domesticated in  Fertile Crescent, including the Sumerians. Its area covers what are now southern Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, and parts of Turkey and Iran

6500BCE  The major periods in Sumerian history were the Ubaid period (6500-4100 BCE), the Uruk period (4100-2900 BCE), the Early Dynastic period (2900-2334 BCE), the Akkadian Empire period (2334 – 2218 BCE), the Gutian period (2218-2047 BCE), Sumerian Renaissance/Third Dynasty of Ur (2047-1940 BCE), and then decline.


6,000 BCE - cattle domesticated Turkey and later Iran

5900 BCE start of copper age fertile crescent

c4500- 4000 BCE Sumer aka Sumeria estalished.

c. 3500 BC The first Eblaite kingdom has been described as the first recorded world power. Starting as a small settlement in the Early Bronze Age - at its peak 2300BCE until destroyed


 Rebuilt and destroyed late 3rd millennium (ending 2001 BCE) Amorites move in.

3200 BCE, is the accepted date at which history "begins" when written records begin .          Archaeologists have discovered written records in Egypt from as early as 3200 BCE.   At the same time Cuneiform written records on clay tablets is developed by Sumerians in Mesopotamia (but its not a language) who are controlling that area.

3rd millennium BCE [early to mid] (the Early Bronz Age).the oldest attested forms of Semitic language date from here .Speakers of East Semitic include the people of the Akkadian Empire, Ebla, Assyria, Babylonia, the latter two of which eventually switched to East Aramaic and perhaps Dilmun. Central Semitic combines the Northwest Semitic languages and Arabic. Speakers of Northwest Semitic were the Canaanites (including the Phoenicians, Punics, Amorites, Edomites, Moabites and the Hebrews), Arameans and the Ugarites. South Semitic peoples include the speakers of Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages.


c2750 BCE Canaan as major state established ,  here here.

2300BCE  Akkad Empire 




2004 BCE Elamites conquer Sumeria but get absorbed into Amorite culture.

c. 1764 BCE Amorite empire . showing various Amorite states (Yamhad, Qatna, Mari, Andarig, Babylon and Eshnunna) and Assyria . 

Thereafter united under Babylonian rule

1550 - 1066 BC Egyptian Empire 



1200 - 1150 BCE collapse of the Bronze age,  here. including Canaan.

1208BC The name "Israel" first appears in the Merneptah Stele c. 1208 BCE: "Israel is laid waste and his seed is no more." This "Israel" was a cultural and probably political entity, well enough established for the Egyptians to perceive it as a possible challenge, but an ethnic group rather than an organised state.

1200–332 BCE, Iron age

1175 BCE The Philistines originated as an immigrant or invading group from the Aegean (Greece) that settled in Canaan south coast c1175 BCE.

c1021–1000 BCE Kingdom of israel formed under King Saul to fight off the better Philistine army.[according to later israelite Torah writings, which are unproven, here].

922 BCE Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of  Judah formed. [according to later israelite Torah writings, which are unproven, here.  After revolting southern israel splits off forming Kingdom of Judah while the Philistines still occupied its southern coast ]



722 BCE The Assyrians [Arabs] conquered the region in the 8th century BCE,  the ancient Assyrian heartland (red), city founded 2600 BCE and the extent of the Neo-Assyrian Empire in the 7th century BC (orange)  . Israel was destroyed and Judah became a client state of Neo-Assyria.




597BCE  the Babylonians conquer Palestine and Jerusalem .

587 BCE another rebellion against the Babylonians, which was brutally crushed by Nebuchadnezzar.in a second siege of Jerusalem culminated in the destruction of the city and First Temple, bringing an end to the Kingdom of Judah.[

Historians differ when the Torah (1st 5 books of the 1st testament in bible) was written but put it after the Babylonian conquest;

either during the Babylonian Exile (6th–5th century BCE)" according to Britannica, here

           or Persian period (539-333 BCE). while Some scholars would place its final compilation somewhat later, however, in the Hellenistic period (333–164 BCE). Initially it had no authors but by 1st c CE had been attributed to Moses" , according to wikipedia here.

539 BCE the Persians conquered the Babylonian Empire 



5th century BCE (500-401BCE) The term "Palestine" first appeared , when the ancient Greek historian Herodotus wrote of a "district of Syria, called Palaistinê" between Phoenicia and Egypt in The Histories. here

333BCE Alexander the Great  [Greek] conquered the Persian Empire in the , beginning a long period of Hellenization in the region.


332BCE Tyre city falls to Alexander the Great . Renames Judah to Judea.



323BCE  Alexander dies. Palestine, with much of Syria and Phoenicia, fell to Ptolemy I (Soter), who established himself as satrap [later king] in Egypt who together with  Seleucus I (Nicator), defeated Antigonus I (Monophthalmus), [another of Alexander’s generals], at the Battle of Ipsus in Phrygia in 301 BCE. Seleucus I Nicator occupied Nothern Syria and Ptolemy I Nicator over southern Syria/Palestine in the Syrian Wars.




200 BCE, Palestine becomes  part of the Seleucid kingdom. ending the Syrian Wars.

170–168 BCE Seleucid king Antiochus IV (r. 175–164)  sacked Jerusalem and its Temple, suppressing Jewish and Samaritan religious and cultural observances,[6][9

167 BC Maccabean uprising  wiki

140 BCE to 37 BCE.  the Hasmonean Kingdom  conquered most of Palestine and parts of neighboring regions but the kingdom gradually became a vassal of Rome,



63 BCE Rome invaded and annexed the area .Roman Judea was troubled by large-scale Jewish revolts, which Rome answered with by destroying Jerusalem and the Second Jewish Temple 70BCE.

66–73 BCE First Jewish–Roman War 

37 to 4 BCE. Herod the Great, an Arab from Petra (modern day Jordan) raised as Jew, ruled .




c 93–94 AD The extant manuscripts of the book Antiquities of the Jews, written by the first-century Jewish historian Flavius Josephus around.

c. AD 116 AD The Roman historian and senator Tacitus referred to Jesus, his execution by Pontius Pilate, and the existence of early Christians in Rome in his final work, Annals , book 15, chapter 44.

132 AD The Bar Kokhba revolt  (2nd Jewish-roman war) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea,against the Roman Empire ending in failure and harsh reprisals and jewish disporia (dispersal). Romans renamed the province Syria Palaestina to desroy any link between israelites and the land fully.

200 AD  to 400AD Hebrew ceased to be a regular spoken language 

330 AD The emperor Constantine moved the capital to the city of Byzantium. He renamed the city New Rome. Later it was called Constantinople. and legalised Christianity. The western roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. 

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/4KBYZ.gif

4th c [301 - 400ad] as the Roman Empire christened, Palestine became a center of Christianity, attracting pilgrims, monks and scholars.

541AD The Justinian Plague or Black Plague "originates in Pelusium , Egypt and branched out in 2 directions to Alexandria and through Egypt and to the Palestinians then to the entirety of the world" described by Roman  historian Procopius.

From the 5min mark The Plague of Justinian : Procopius' account






555AD the Byzantine empire was at its peak



610 CE Islam emerges initiating muslem conquests

636–641 CE, Muslim conquest of the Levant by Rashidun Caliphate followed by several Muslim ruling dynasties succeeded each other as they wrestled control of Palestine: the Rashiduns; the Umayyads, who built the Dome of the Rock and the al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem; the Abbasids; the semi-independent Tulunids and the Ikhshidids; the Fatimids; and the Seljuks.

Arab muslim conquests timeline gif here

1089-1090 violence against jews in (christian) England

1096-1099 CE, the Christian Crusades begin and the  Crusaders established the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Palestine,

                   Jews and Arabs fought together against the Crusades and Jews elsewhere suffered here . A group of Crusaders, led by the notorious Count Emicho, carried out a series of massacres of Jews in various towns in the Rhineland in 1096.

c1118 Knights Templar founded to defend Kingdom of Jerusalem and protect travellers.

1187-1191 CE  The Arab Ayyubid Sultanate reconquered Jerusalem and much of the kingdom of Jerusalem.

1229-1239 Jersualem in christian hands with a treaty with Ayyubids.

1250 CE The Egyptian Mamluks  [Sunni Islam] invasion of the Mongol Empire,reunified Palestine under its control except for the brief Mongol raids of 1260 and 1300 CE Mongol Raids into Palestine that did not touch Jerusalem.


1290CE Entire Jewish population expelled from (Christian) England by Edward 1 , here

1291CE Last christian city of Acre falls to Mamluk Sultan Khalil, ends Kingdom of Jerusalem.

1516 CE the Ottoman Empire conquered the region and ruled it as Ottoman Syria largely undisrupted through to 1918. [Sunni Muslim Islamic Caliphate].

Ottoman Empire conquests timeline gif, here.

Turkeys current right wing prime minister denouncing Israels genocide. here.

This 20 min video lays who has been in control of Jerusalem, which is more or less the same as Palestine itself, here  . It is good to see it on continuous timeline and has a bit more detail of the lesser years . Thou i would argue his starting point is 100 years to early on known history of Judah and Jerusalem to which he himself says . If you reduced Israelites control (Judah) by 100 years its puts it on par with Arab control . He also says Israelite control ended in 587 but Judah where Jerusalem is was located was a puppet state of Babylon until 587 so i would argue not exactly in control which is why ive said about 200 years , so you could argue 100 years less than Arab control (of Palestine).


HOW DID ISRAEL COME TO RE-EXIST after ceasing too 2700 years earlier ?

1580s Advocacy of the restoration of Palestine as a national homeland for the Jews was first heard among self-identified Christian groups in the 1580s following the Protestant Reformation. here.

1653 Oliver Cromwell encouraged Jews to return to England. here .

1753 The Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753 was an Act of Parliament which allowed Jews resident in Britain to become naturalised by application to Parliament. It received royal assent on 7 July 1753 but was repealed in 1754 due to opposition.

1789 - late 1800s Nationalism and nation-state as an idea comes into being after the French revolution.  . here 

         The French give jews citizenship of the new Republic of France.

1841 A mission of inquiry sent by the Church of Scotland to Palestine issued a Memorandum to Protestant Monarchs of Europe for the Restoration of the Jews to Palestine, and called on them to take on the mantle of Cyrus and restore the people of Israel to their native land. here

         The Ottoman Empire separates the district  from Damascus Eyalet and placed directly under Constantinople.

1843  Phrase "a land without people for a people without land" first used by a Christian clergyman and Christian Restorationist, Rev. Alexander Keith, D.D., appeared in 1843, when he wrote that the Jews are "a people without a country; even as their own land, as subsequently to be shown, is in a great measure a country without a people". here. 

           The Jewish question, also referred to as the Jewish problem, was a wide-ranging debate in 19th- and 20th-century Europe that pertained to the appropriate status and treatment of Jews. Answered in The Jewish Question ,a 1843 book by German historian and theologian Bruno Bauer, here where he argued for emancipation Jews had to give up their religion of Judaism. Marx answerd it in 1943 also here. Abram Leon also wrote about it  in 1843 in "The Jewish Question"  .

1865 The Palestine Exploration Fund , a British society based in London, founded.

1872 The Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem was an Ottoman district with special administrative status established in 1872. The district encompassed Jerusalem as well as Hebron, Jaffa, Gaza and Beersheba. During the late Ottoman period, the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem, together with the Sanjak of Nablus and Sanjak of Akka (Acre), formed the region that was commonly referred to as "Palestine". It was the 7th most heavily populated region of the Ottoman Empire's 36 provinces. here

1879 The false term anti-Semitism was coined by German publicist Wilhelm Marr . here

1881 The Lovers of Zion, (also Hovevei Zion or Hibbat Zion) were a variety of proto-Zionist organizations founded.

         The assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March triggers the Russia pogroms in the Pale of Settlement  (Poland , Lithuiania, Belarus, Ukraine, here).

         The First Aliyah , also known as the agriculture Aliyah, was a major wave of Jewish immigration (aliyah) to Ottoman Syria between 1881 and 1903.

          In 1881 Ben-Yehuda joined the First Aliyah and immigrated to Palestine, then ruled by the Ottoman Empire, and settled in Jerusalem and set about creating a new modern version of Hebrew to replace all the other languages spoken by the immigrating jes . His son becomes the first Israeli born to speak hebrew.

   

1882 Foundation of the first Zionist settlement, Rishon LeZion.

1885 Coinage of the term Zionism by Nathan Birnbaum, meaning “the establishment of Jewish homeland in Palestine”.

1891 The Jewish Colonization Association (JCA or ICA) was founded by Bavarian philanthropist Baron Maurice de Hirsch in 1891 to help Jews from Russia and Romania to settle in Argentina. Baron de Hirsch died in 1896 and thereafter the JCA began to also assist the Jewish settlement in Palestine.

1896 Theodor Herzl writes "The Jewish State"  to begin campaigning for jewish homeland.  Download and read the book here

        Theodore Herzl visits Constantinople to meet Sultan Hamid to discuss buying Palestine land from Ottoman Empire but is denied appointment. here . Herzel writes in his diary what the Sultan or Sultans chief told his Herzls aide ;



1897 Nathan Birnbaum and Theodor Herzl organise the First Zionist Congress held  and established the "World Zionist Organization" a political Zionism organisation .

           "Jews" at that time made up 3% of the total population , 5% if you included immigrants.

1899 The Jewish Colonial Trust was the first Zionist bank. It was founded at the Second Zionist Congress and incorporated in London on March 20, 1899.

 1901 Israel Zangwill, who was initially Zionist but soon became a prominent Anti-Zionist ,and advocate of assimilationism, was one of the most prolific users of the phrase. In 1901 in the New Liberal Review, Zangwill wrote that "Palestine is a country without a people; the Jews are a people without a country"

           The Jewish National Fund a non-profit organization founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Syria (later Mandatory Palestine.

1903 August, the founding father of Zionism, Theodor Herzl, proposed British East Africa as a safe haven for Jews, speaking at the Sixth Zionist Congress called the “Uganda scheme,” .

        The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, or The Protocols of the Meetings of the Learned Elders of Zion , is a fabricated text purporting to detail a Jewish plot for global domination. Largely plagiarized from several earlier sources, it was first published in Imperial Russia in 1903, translated into multiple languages, and disseminated internationally in the early part of the 20th century. It played a key part in popularizing belief in an international Jewish conspiracy.

         1903-1906 Another pogrom against "jews" in Russia .

1905 At the 7th zionist congress the year after Herzl dies they chose Palestine as homeland after considering Uganda and Argentina .

        - Arthur James Balfour met the Belarus-born chemist and Zionist luminary Chaim Weizmann and again in 1906 and 1914, 1915 , 1916, 1917 (when he also met Lord Rothschild)  and became a confirmed zionist for multiple reasons. His "his anti-semitic" response (like europes NIMBY ) was no jew immigrants in Britain but send them elsewhere. Palestine suited .  here. here. 

          - In his  book 'Balfour's Shadow' David Cronin states: "The main purpose of the Balfour Declaration which facilitated the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine, was to stop Jews fleeing Russian pogroms from seeking refuge in Britain. here

        - Nov The American Jewish Committee (AJC) a Jewish advocacy group established.

1907 At the 8th world Zionist conference the World Zionist Organisation establish the Palestine office known as the Agriculture Colonisation Department.

1914 World War 1 begins after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary.

Middle East map at the time, here.

The Assyrian genocide of 1914-1923 begins in Northern Mesopotamia. 

Chaim Weizmann, later president of the World Zionist Congress and the first president of the state of Israel said: "In its initial stage Zionism was conceived by its pioneers as a movement wholly depending on mechanical factors: there is a country which happens to be called Palestine, a country without a people, and, on the other hand, there exists the Jewish people, and it has no country.

1915 "Sir Henry McMahon, British High Commissioner in Cairo, negotiated in 1915-16 with Husain Ibn Ali, the Sherif of Mecca. The British government promised to support his bid for the restoration of the Caliphate (and leadership in the Arab world)...." October 24, 1915. here

Hussein-McMahon correspondence 1915 with McMahons actual typed reply 25 oct 1915  here

        April 24 recognised as start of Armenian genocide,  by Ottoman empire with May 1915  Techir Law "of deportation" at its heart.

             July - Mar 1916 Ten letters between Henry McMahon and Hussein Bin Ai promising an Arab state for implementing an Aab revolt . Declaring the revolt July 1916. Most Arabs still supported the Ottoman empire. Lawrence of Arabia becomes  part of  Britains false promises and betrayal to the Arabs which he felt guity over.

                During World War I, the Jewish population declined because of the war, famine, disease and expulsion. In 1915, approximately 83,000 Jews lived in Palestine among 590,000 Muslim and Christian Arabs, here

1916 Jun Arabia declares independence from ottoman Empire 

Britain  and France agree to  divide the Middle East portion of Ottoman Empire giving Palestine to Britain in the Sykes/Pico agreement. here



1917 Nov The Balfour Declaration,  written -  a letter from from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour to Lord Walter Rothschild, a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.  Favoring the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people in Palestine. Published in the newspaper. in order to win Jewish support for Britain's First World War effort. here. This was to gain jew support ie finance war expense and persuade USA to join. Note; it says nothing shall prejudice the civil and religious rights of non jews  ie Palestinian Arabs, which clearly was not kept.



1917-1918 The British invasion of Ottoman-held Palestine in their 3rd and last campaign against Ottoman Empire in WW1.

Jerusalem captured December 1917 requiring need for Palestinian police force created  , here.

1918 October . An armistice was signed with the Ottoman (Turkish) Empire, bringing an end to the Turkish Army's participation in the war. 

1919, A short-lived dependent Kingdom of Syria was established under Emir Faisal I of the Hashemite dynast. Ended in 1920 by the French after a battle with Syrian army at Battle of Maysalun.

        June, the American King–Crane Commission arrived in Syria to inquire into local public opinion about the future of the country. They visited 36 major cities, met with more than 2,000 delegations from more than 300 villages, and received more than 3,000 petitions. Their conclusions confirmed the opposition of Syrians to the mandate in their country as well as to the Balfour Declaration, and their demand for a unified Greater Syria encompassing Palestine

1920 April.  At a peace conference held in San Remo, Italy , 6 Allied winners  divided the former territories of the defeated Ottoman Empire implementing Sykes-Picot agreement . Lebanon and Syria under the French and  Palestine and Trans Jordan under the British mandate. Assigning Britain the Mandate for Palestine. wiki

40 million Kurdish people are a nation that end up without a country after the allied carve up of the Ottoman empire and still have not got one today , they are residing mostly in Turkey and often persecuted there but also distributed in the other new countries of  Syria, Iraq and Iran. here here



"Jews"  found Haganah, a Jewish paramilitary organization in British Mandatory Palestine. It was set up to defend the Yishuv presence in the region originally.

                 The League of Nations created to work for the establishment of world peace and the promotion of cooperation among states. Founded in January 1920 disbanded 1946.

Most Palesinians had not registered land to avoid taxes levied by Ottoman Empire . Britain started fixing this and by 1948 25% had titles. here .On the West bank by 1967 under Jordanian control , 30% had land titles , here 



1920s There were several attempts by the Arab Palestinians to establish an Arab higher education institution, starting from the 1920s, but it did not materialise. Israeli historian Ilan Pappé attributed this to "Zionist pressure, British anti-Arab racism, and lack of resources." He added that "the colonial mentality of the British authorities who deemed the Palestinians yet another colonized people who had to be oppressed, while regarding the Zionist settlers as fellow colonialists, feared that such a university would enhance the Palestinian national movement." here

1921 April  Britain splits British Mandate for Palestine into Palestine and Trans Jordan. The Emirate of Transjordan, now Jordan , was established on in April 1921.
 

 

        November  An Arab delegation of notables visited London in August–November 1921, demanding that the Balfour Declaration be repudiated and proposing the creation of a national government with a parliament democratically elected by the country’s Muslims, Christians, and Jews. 

1922 The Council of the League of Nations confirmed the British Mandate for Palestine, thereby giving a stamp of international legitimacy to the United Kingdom's assumption of control over this sensitive piece of territory. Allowing for a Jewish homeland. here. here



1923 September, France was assigned the League of Nations mandate of Syria, which included the territory of present-day Lebanon and Alexandretta in addition to modern Syria. here

1924 Jacob Israel De Haan Dutch Jewish literary writer and journalist who was assassinated by the zionistv parmilitary Haganah group for his anti-Zionist political activities.

         The Palestine Jewish Colonization Association, was established . It played a major role in purchasing land and building Jewish settlement in Palestine and later the State of Israel until the association disbanded in 1957.

1925  Palestinian Citizenship Order, 1925. Britain issues mandatory Palestianian passports from  1927 until 1948. Both jews and arabs were marked as Palestinian by nationality on various documents and Jews had “Jewish” on “race” section and Arabs had “Arab” on “race” section.



1926 The British established a committee in June,  to design the Palestine coinage. Which were minted November 1927.



1927  Palistinian Pound was the currency of the British Mandate of Palestine from 1 November 1927 to 14 May 1948, and of the State of Israel between 15 May 1948 and 23 June 1952, when it was replaced with the Israeli Iira. The Palestine pound was also the currency of Transjordan until 1949. 



1929 The Palestine riots - Arab and Jews fought over access to the Wailing wall initially but it spread. 

             The Jewish Agency founded  as the operative branch of the World Zionist Organisation.  here.

1930  The Pro-Palestine Federation, a Christian pro-Zionist organization which was founded in USA..

          Republic of Syria proclaimed.

1931 Irgun Zvai Leumi, (Hebrew: National Military Organization) by name Etzel, Jewish right-wing underground movement in palestine, founded . Perpetrates terrorism against Palestinians to help form Israel.

1933 Jan, Adolf Hitler rises to power in Germany when hes elected as Chancellor of Germany.

          Jews anti-nazi boycott instigated here

        August, The Haavara Agreement signed between Nazi Germany and Zionist German Jews , finalized after three months of talks by the Zionist Federation of Germany, the Anglo-Palestine Bank (under the directive of the Jewish Agency) and the economic authorities of Nazi Germany. Making possible the migration of approximately 60,000 German Jews to Palestine between 1933 and 1939. here.

        Dec The Montevideo Convention. agreement signed  December 26, 1933  established the standard definition of a state under international law. According to Article 1 of the Convention, the state as a person of international law should possess the following qualifications:

1. Permanent population
2. Defined territory
3. Government
4. Capacity to enter into relations with the other states.

             Approximately 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe, comprising 1.7% of the total European population. This number represented more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population at that time, estimated at 15.3 million.

1936 The Arab Revolt of 1936–39. Palestinian Arabs get sick of Britain ignoring their demands.  here

          Higher National Committee established , was the central political organ of Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine. It was established on the initiative of Haj Amin al-Husayni, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem. After the April Jaffa riots they called a general strike from April till October.

           The British set up and trained The Notrim, a legal Jewish paramilitary Police Force, to help defend Jewish property and lives, here , here

1937 As response , the British government appointed a commission of inquiry headed by Lord Peel to assess the cause of the Arab riots and the performance of the Mandatory government. The Peel Commission report published in July recommended for the first time a partition of the land into a Jewish state and an Arab state alongside an international zone, here . The report admitted that the mandate was unworkable because Jewish and Arab objectives in Palestine were incompatible, and it proposed that Palestine be partitioned into three zones: an Arab state, a Jewish state, and a neutral territory containing the holy places.





           In September  the British declared martial law. The Arab Higher Committee was dissolved, and many officials of the Supreme Muslim Council and other organizations were arrested. The mufti fled to Lebanon and then Iraq. here

1938 With the rejection of Peel proposal by both sides  Sir John Woodhead came up with these proposials here

According to a Jewish Agency survey, 77% of Palestinian population growth in Palestine between 1914 and 1938, during which the Palestinian population doubled, was due to natural increase, while 23% was due to immigration. Arab immigration was primarily from bordering countries Lebanon, Syria, Transjordan, and Egypt. here

            July 1938  Evian conference in France . 38 countries meet to discuss persecution of Jews by NAZIS, most sympathise but none including Britain wanted to take jew refugees. wiki

1939 Germany invades Poland . Britain declares war on Germany starting WW2. By 1939 in Poland, the Nazis escalated , segregated and imprisoned Jews for future deportation. At this stage, the Nazis planned to deport Jews to Madagascar or lands further east. Later, in 1941, as both of these options were realised to be infeasible, the Nazis created extermination camps to liquidate the populations of the ghettos instead.

              1939 White Paper . issued by Britain  paper called for the establishment of a Jewish national home in an independent Palestinian state within 10 years, rejecting the Peel Commission's idea of partitioning Palestine. It also limited Jewish immigration to 75,000 for five years and ruled that further immigration would then be determined by the Arab majority (section II). Jews were restricted from buying Arab land in all but 5% of the Mandate (section III).

1940  Stern Gang a zionist extremist terrorist organization  founded in Palestine  by Avraham Stern , perpetrates terrorism against Palestinians to help form israel.

1941  July  Realising expelling jews from Germany becomes impractical, Nazi leader Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring  issued orders to Reinhard Heydrich, SS  leader and Gestapo chief, to prepare a comprehensive plan for this “final solution.” The Wannsee Conference, held six months later Jan 1942, was attended by 15 Nazi senior bureaucrats made plans for the final solution of the jew problem in Germany.

                 The Grand Mufti , al-Husseini meets Hitler, on Nov. 28 but the events are unrelated.

                                       Syria declares independence.

1942 May The Biltmore Conference,aka Biltmore Program, was a fundamental departure from traditional Zionist policy by its demand "that Palestine be established as a Jewish Commonwealth. The meeting was held in New York City, with 600 delegates and Zionist leaders from 18 countries attending. 

                 The movement's more moderate leaders were replaced with leaders with more aggressive goals. 

                  They reject the British white paper limiting immigration and plan for 2million immigration. here

                   Dec The Jewish Agency keep the holocaust secret for 3 months until the Allies announce the holocaust of jews by NAZI Germany to the world. Soon after zionist jews attempt to prevent rescue of jews from the holocaust. here

 1943 Raphael Lemkin, Polish lawyer of Jewish descent is known for coining the term genocide in 1943 or 1944 and campaigning to establish the Genocide Convention. From two words: genos (Greek: γένος, 'family, clan, tribe, race, stock, kin') and -cide (Latin: -cīdium, 'killing').

1944 The Irgun and Lehi, two Jewish right-wing armed groups, declared a rebellion against British rule and began attacking British administrative and police targets.

           SS Officer Otto Adolf Eichmann, offered Jewish leadership in Hungary to save 1,000,000 Hungarian Jews in exchange for goods. He allowed the Jewish community representative Joel Brand to deliver this offer to the British authorities in the Middle East . He met there with the British official lord Moyne Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne - Wikipedia who rejected the offer on the ground that “one: he has no place for so many Jews; two: local Arab population will be very unhappy with such move, which may jeopardize British efforts in the war”  here

              Grand Mosque of Paris saves about 100 jews from holocaust by giving them muslim identities. potrayed in film "Free Men"  here  

         Syria recognised as independent republic.

1945 WW2 ends.

Population of Palestine, 1922–1945
YearMuslimsChristiansJewsTotal
1922589,17773,02483,790757,182
1931759,717174,61091,3981,035,821
19451,061,270135,550553,6001,764,520

                      June  - The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN). It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946. here      


                       United Nations came into existence on October 24, 1945, after 29 nations had ratified the Charter to prevent further wars.

                             

With Ben-Gurion's approval the Haganah entered into a secret alliance with the Irgun and Lehi called the Jewish Resistance Movement in October 1945 and participated in attacks against the British.  June 1946, the British launched Operation Agatha. Irgun carried out the King David Hotel bombing (British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine ) in July 1946, killing 91 people. 



1946 Syria gains full independence from French rule when France is forced to withdraw.

1947 British colonial rule and Arabs fearing colonisation, their efforts to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine led to growing sectarian violence between Arabs and Jews, in whats called the 1947-48 civil war , here. Eventually causing the British government to give up and announce its intention to terminate the Mandate .


With the establishment of the British Mandate of Palestine after World War I, the first British census of Palestine in 1922 enumerated a total population of about 750,000, of which 78 percent were Muslim, 11 percent Jewish and 10 percent Christian (Table 1). Nearly 25 years later, before the United Nations’ partition of the Mandate for Palestine, in 1947, the population had grown to nearly 1.8 million, with 60 percent Muslim, 31 percent Jewish and 8 percent Christian. here


1947, November,  the United Nations (UN) voted to partition the British mandate of Palestine into a Jewish state and an Arab state (see United Nations Resolution 181).  Read resolution here.
At this point Palestinians Arabs owned 94% of the land and Jews an Zionist Jews owned 6% of the land . (see map above this historical timeline)

1948  Feb One of the favourite zionist israelis defense of their 1st of 3 wars to colonise Palestine was in 1948 5 Arab nations invaded but Ilan Pape says zionist jews had already started taking Palestine villages  in February 1948 before the state declaration. here

          March A Zionist military plan Plan Dalet finalized . And executed in the civil war phase of the 1948 Palestine war for the zionist jew conquest of territory in Mandatory Palestine in preparation for the establishment of a Jewish state. The plan was requested by the Jewish Agency leader  David Ben-Gurion, and developed by the Haganah para military.

          May Britain ended its Mandate May 14th  .  Immediately David Ben-Gurion, here, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of the State of Israel . Apart from the tiny amount of  land they had already bought this required much much more land requiring the forced expulsion of more Palestinians. While the average was 6% land ownership it was up to 30-40 % in some districts which would have been the ones the UN allocated zionist jews. But its still wasnt enough to make the state of Israel that had been declared but wasnt yet legal as it did not have a set defined territory. The Aras didnt want them to have a state.  , leading to five neighbouring Arab states [Egypt , Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Transjordan] going to war to drive out zionist jews in the  1st Arab-israeli in 1948-1949. , because they lost to the zionist jews , the jews were able to take more land driving out whole villages often murdering the Arab Palestinians , this is known by the Palestinins as the Nakbar . Afterwards  Hagnar para military group then disbanded and was one of the groups that formed the core of the Israeli Defense force [IDF] The Nakbar was the expulsion and flight of 700,000 Palestinians, the related depopulation and destruction of over 500 Palestinian villages by Israeli armed forces [in area mostly not touched by Arab-israeli  war] and subsequent geographical erasure, the denial of the Palestinian right of return, the creation of permanent Palestinian refugees, and the "shattering of Palestinian society" . Afterwards Israel controlled seventy-eight percent of Palestine, twenty-two percent more than the UN partition plan.

A good short explanation , here. here.

         Sept UN appointed mediator Folke Bernadott assassinated by the zionist terror group Lehi aka Stern Gang. Bernadoot wanted a better deal for Palestine including right of return .. here

           Although Patrick Wolfe argues Palestine downfall was not at the nakbar but was in methodical colonisation for decades before here

         Modern Hebrew was one of three official languages of Mandatory Palestine, and after the Israeli Declaration of Independence in 1948, one of two official languages of Israel, along with Modern Arabic. 

1949 February, Israels parliament the Knesset founded.

         May – UNGA adopts Resolution 273 (III) admitting Israel as UN member.

         Following the 1948 War, UNRWA (UN Relief and Works Agency) was established by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 302 (IV) of 8 December 1949 to carry out direct relief and works programmes for Palestine refugees. The Agency began operations on 1 May 1950.

In the absence of a solution to the Palestine refugee problem, the General Assembly has repeatedly renewed UNRWA's mandate.

The richest family in the world , the Rothschilds,  also played a significant part in the funding of Israel's governmental infrastructure. James A. de Rothschild financed the Knesset building as a gift to the State of Israel and the Supreme Court of Israel building was donated to Israel by Dorothy de Rothschild.


                      

 

Terms

Armistice is a formal agreement between warring parties to stop fighting

Britain is the countries of England , Wales and Scotland 

Circa , represented as c means approximately 

Middle East and the Near East are the same area used interchangeably

Nation community of people formed on the basis of a common language, territory, ethnicity etc

Nation-state is a nation which has the same borders as a State.

Pogrom is an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group.

Secular means not connected with religious/spiritual matters

State  is a community formed by people and exercising permanent power (government) within a specified territory.

UNGA  United Nations General Assembly

Zion in the Old Testament, the easternmost of the two hills of ancient Jerusalem. It was the site of the Jebusite city captured by David, king of Israel and Judah, in the 10th century BCE



BCE=BC [before christ]

CE = AD [Anno Domini = the year of our lord]


Footnote

There is alot to unpack in the history of Palestines 3 periods of history - pre 1918 and up to 1948 and after 1948. It has taken a couple of weeks of rabid learning just to scratch the surface and its not finished so if i have something wrong and you have corrections email me (in my bio).



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