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The term "Semitism" originally referred to the cultural, linguistic, and ethnic groups associated with the Semitic languages, which include Hebrew, Arabic, Aramaic, and several others spoken in the Middle East and North Africa. The term was based on the biblical figure Shem, one of the sons of Noah, whose descendants were said to have spoken Semitic languages.
This means Palestinians and Lebanese and Iranians are also Semites.
How "Semitism" Came to Mean "Jewish":
The connection of Semitism with Jewish people began with the creation of the term "anti-Semitism" in the late 19th century, which was specifically designed to refer to hostility or prejudice against Jews.
The term "anti-Semitism" was coined by Wilhelm Marr, a German journalist and political agitator, in 1879. Marr was a prominent figure in promoting racial theories and anti-Jewish ideologies in Europe. He used the term to describe a political and racial opposition to Jews, distinguishing it from religious anti-Judaism. Marr's use of "anti-Semitism" was part of a broader movement of racial science that classified people based on race rather than religion or culture.
- Anti-Semitism as a racial concept: Marr and others at the time promoted the idea that Jews were a separate, inferior race, rather than just a religious group. This marked a shift from centuries of religious-based prejudice against Jews (anti-Judaism) to a more modern form of racial hostility, which viewed Jewish people as inherently different and threatening.
Why "Semitism" Came to Mean Specifically Jewish:
Though the term "Semitic" originally encompassed many groups speaking Semitic languages (like Arabs and Assyrians), "anti-Semitism" from its inception referred specifically to prejudice against Jews. Over time, the focus of the term became so narrowly associated with Jews that "Semitism" itself also became closely linked to Jewish people in popular usage, even though Semitic people included other groups.
- Marr's choice of the term was somewhat misleading, as it ignored the broader ethnic and linguistic groups classified as Semitic and focused solely on Jews. However, his influence, and the rise of racial theories in Europe during the late 19th century, cemented the term's use in referring to anti-Jewish sentiments.
Summary:
- Semitism initially referred to the peoples and cultures who spoke Semitic languages, including Jews, Arabs, and others.
- Anti-Semitism was coined in 1879 by Wilhelm Marr to describe a specific form of racial prejudice against Jews.
- Over time, the term "Semitism" through ignorance has come to be primarily associated with Jewish people, due to the dominance of anti-Semitism as a term for anti-Jewish prejudice.
We will tackle the meaningless of the word Jew in another rant.
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